1. Primary Components
Decking (Top Plate): The upper surface that directly supports the load. Typically manufactured from cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel. Common configurations include flat plates, corrugated sheets (for increased rigidity), C-channel interlocking decks, or perforated/mesh surfaces (for drainage and debris removal). Surfaces often feature embossed anti-slip patterns or integrated rubber friction pads.
Support Structure: Defines the entry points and load distribution. Key types include:
Feet/Legs: Featured in "9-leg" designs. These independent supports allow for open space between legs, facilitating easy 4-way entry.
Stringers: Featured in "3-runner" designs. Three parallel longitudinal beams provide high strength. Usually supports 2-way entry (or 4-way if the stringers are notched).
Blocks: Featured in "Full-perimeter" or "Cruciform" designs. Square or rectangular block supports typically enable 4-way entry and high stability.
Reinforcement Ribs/Bearers: C-channels or hollow square sections positioned beneath the deck. These serve to disperse weight and prevent deck deformation, which is critical for maximizing static and racking load capacities.
Edge Protection/Rim: Protective borders and hemmed edges around the perimeter. These protect the deck from impact, maintain structural integrity, and prevent sharp steel edges from damaging goods or injuring operators.
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2. Common Structural Classifications
9-Leg Metal Pallet: Features nine independent support feet. These are lightweight, offer flexible 4-way entry, and are ideal for floor-level stacking or light-duty racking.
3-Runner (Open-base) Pallet: Utilizes three longitudinal runners. This high-strength design is optimized for conveyor systems, high-bay racking, and standard 2-way forklift entry.
Full-Perimeter (Picture Frame) Pallet: Features a bottom deck consisting of both runners and blocks. This provides a large footprint for superior stability and is generally 4-way entry compatible.
Double-Faced Pallet: Consists of identical top and bottom decks. These are reversible and offer the highest structural integrity, though they are primarily limited to 2-way entry unless specifically designed with block spacers.
3. Material and Manufacturing Specifications
Materials: Primarily constructed from Q235 carbon steel, galvanized steel, or stainless steel. Galvanized and stainless options are preferred for food processing, pharmaceuticals, cold chain, and outdoor use due to their superior corrosion and rust resistance.
Fabrication Process: Components are cold-roll formed into profiles and then secured using CO₂ shielded arc welding or high-strength riveting to ensure maximum structural rigidity.
Entry Port Design: The fork pockets between stringers or legs are designed with lead-in chamfers (beveled edges) at the entry points. This allows forklift tines to align and enter the pallet quickly and smoothly.
